We show that the peculiar sill trajectory is due to the competing stress gradient magnitudes being close to one another throughout its propagation. We constrain the models such that they match the observed ground deformation at Sierra Negra. This includes both an analytical and comprehensive numerical scheme. Here we develop a framework that captures the full 3D kinematics of non-planar intrusions. Space-borne radar interferometric data (InSAR) revealed that, unexpectedly, part of the eruption was fed by a 15 km long, tortuous and flat-lying crack (sill). The fissures of the 2018 Sierra Negra eruption were scattered on the flank of the volcano. Eruptions at shield volcanoes often occur from radially aligned linear fissures fed by blade-like magma-filled cracks (dykes).
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